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Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of solving an open-ended problem. Students learn both thinking strategies and domain knowledge. The PBL format originated from the medical school of thought, and is now used in other schools of thought too. It was developed at the McMaster University Medical School in Canada in the 1960s and has since spread around the world. The goals of PBL are to help students develop flexible knowledge, effective problem solving skills, self-directed learning, effective collaboration skills and intrinsic motivation.〔 Problem-based learning is a style of active learning. Working in groups, students identify what they already know, what they need to know, and how and where to access new information that may lead to the resolution of the problem. The role of the instructor (known as the tutor in PBL) is to facilitate learning by supporting, guiding, and monitoring the learning process. The tutor must build students' confidence to take on the problem, and encourage the students, while also stretching their understanding. PBL represents a paradigm shift from traditional teaching and learning philosophy, which is more often lecture-based. The constructs for teaching PBL are very different from traditional classroom/lecture teaching. ==Meaning== Barrows defines the Problem-Based Learning Model as: :1. Student Centered Learning :2. Learning is done in Small Student Groups, ideally 6-10 people :3. Facilitators or Tutors guide the students rather than teach :4. A Problem forms the basis for the organized focus of the group, and stimulates learning :5. The problem is a vehicle for the development of problem solving skills. It stimulates the cognitive process. :6. New knowledge is obtained through Self-Directed Learning (SDL). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Problem-based learning」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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